INTRODUCTION AND STURUCTURE OF TOEFL

            Toefl is a type of test that test a person to ability to communicate with the english language standard, either, in a communicate orally and  writing in academia.

The types of structure of toefl are so many, for example :

1.                NOUNS

there are two  type of nouns, are concrete nouns and abstract nouns.

·         Concrete nouns (kata benda berwujud)

·         Abstract nouns (kata benda tidak berwujud)

This is the example bout noun questions :

Ø  ... is very important for everyone.

a.       Education

b.      Educators

c.       Educate

d.      Educated

The answered is A

2.                ADJECTIVES

The function of an adjective to describe a noun. Adjective in the English language well placed before the noun countable nouns or uncountable noun.

This is the example bout adjective :

Ø  There are two ... on the table.

a.       Knives

b.      Spoon

c.       Knifes

d.      Bowl

The answered is A

3.                SIMPLE PAST TENSE

The sentence of the simple pas tense can be made with using TO BE (was, were) or main verbs in past form. The function is to express activities performed or in the past, for example :

I watched TV before i slept last night.

The example question bout the simple past:

Ø  John ... at school now.

a.       Was

b.      Is

c.       Does

d.      Been

The answered is B

4.                SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

TO BE (am, is, are) and main verbs can be used for establish sentence of simple present tense. The function of the simple present tense is used to express the day activities are usually characterized  by frequency adverbs.

This is example question bout the simple present tense :

Ø  What time ... the next train to Jakarta?

a.       Are

b.      Does

c.       Is

d.      Do

The answered is C

5.                PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present continuous tense or present progressive is type of the verbs which used current activities or plans in the future. The function is to express the current activities.

For example question :

Ø  Rina ... (to be/run) at the moment.

The answered is “is running”

6.                PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past continuos tense is also called  the past progressive tense is commonly used in english for antions which were going on (had not finished) at the particular time in the past.

For example question :

Ø  He did not ... to my house last week.

a.       Come

b.      Came

c.       Coming

d.      Arrived

The answered is A

7.                PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present perfect tense is used to talk about a past time, which has very strong meaning for the present. The function is to express the actons that occurs at certain time which is uknown in the past, example :

The trained has arrived.

For example question:

Ø  What are you ... tommoro?

a.       Do

b.      Doing

c.       Swim

d.      Be

The answered is B

8.                PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past perfect tense is used to go further back in time when we are already talking about the past. Past perfect tense also used to express that an activity has occured in the past before another action occurs, for example :

Tanti had left her house when i arrived.

The example question bout past perfect tense is:

Ø  Did they ... here last week with their friends?

a.       Went

b.      Come

c.       Coming

d.      Arrived

The answered is A

9.                PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present perfect continuous tense is often used (which for a since) to describe how long something has been happening up to now.

For example question :

Ø  She has ... to Bali with his family.

a.       Going

b.      Be

c.       Went

d.      Been

The answered is D

10.            PAS PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past perfect continuous tense is used to talk bout longer situationns that continued up to the moment in the past we are talking about.

For example question :

Ø  It had been ... for three days.

a.       Raining

b.      Rained

c.       Rain

d.      Rains

The answered  A

11.            PRESENT PARTICIPLE

Present participle is ending verb–ing, example talking, eating, standing.

This is example question bout present participle, for example :

Ø  I saw peter to finish his essay yesterday in the library.

                       A               B                     C           D

The answered is A

12.            PAST PARTICIPLE

Past participle is verb of third type like talked, eaten, stood, written. The function of past participle used in present perfect tense, past perfect tense or future perfect tense.

This is example question bout past participle :

Ø  All  of the students have finish their homework.

A        B                            C       D

The answered is C

13.            MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Into modal auxiliary verb is can, could, will, would, may, might, shall, should, must, and ought.

The example question bout modal auxiliary verbs :

Ø  She can speak English very well, doesn’t she?

 A             B                    C                 D

The answered is D

14.            GERUND (VERB+ING)

Gerund is verb-ing. Function of gerund are subject, object, and object complement sentence.

This is example bout gerund question :

Ø   My friend can ... English very well.

a.       Speaking

b.      Speak

c.       Spoke

d.      To speak

The answered is B.

15.            GERUND OR TO INFINITIVE

A particular verb can be followed by a gerund or infinitive by to, for example :

I intend buying the car.

I intend to buy the car.

DIFFERENCES OF MEANING ‘GERUND’ AND ‘TO INFINITIVE’

·         LIKE

LIKE+GERUND used if the word LIKE same with ENJOY :

            I like (enjoy) reading novels.

           

LIKE+to infinitive used the word LIKE didn’t same with ENJOY :

            I like to wash my hair.(saya suka melakukannya meskipun tidak menikmatinya).

This is example question bout gerund or to infinitive :

Ø  She was happy ... me at the seminar.

a.       To meet

b.      Meet

c.       Saw

d.      Met

The answered is A

16.            FUTURE TENSE

Future tense is going  to happen when it has already been planned.

The function is to express an activity to be performed in the future.

For example :

Ø  It will ... this afternoon

a.       Raining

b.      Rained

c.       Rain

d.      Rains

The answered is C

17.            VERB+PREPOSITION

A verb followed by a preposition which is always  already a regular partner, for example :

I apologize to you for my mistake.

(pada kata kerja apologize diikuti oleh preposisi to).

This is example question bout verb+preposition :

Ø  He died ... cancer

a.       Due

b.      To

c.       Of

d.      Because

The answered is C

18.            VERB AGREEMENT

Verb agreement means a match between the verb with the subject of the sentence.

The example question bout verb agreement :

Ø  Politics ... interesting for me

a.       Not

b.      Is

c.       Are

d.      Very

The answered is B

19.            COMPARATIVE DEGREE

Comparative degree can be used to compare with adjectives, adverb of manner, anda verbs.

For example :

Ø  Rina has more money than Rini ...

a.       Is

b.      Do

c.       Did

d.      Does

The answered is C

20.            ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Adjective clause is clause which is preceded by a clause markers like who, whom, which, where, when, whose or why. The function to describe nouns.

For example :

Ø  He knows ... she lives.

a.       Where

b.      Then

c.       Whom

d.      Which

The answered is A

Sumber      : Silvester Goridus Sukur,  TOP toefl grammar strategy